A scalp hematoma is a collection of blood that forms between the skull and the scalp due to trauma or injury. It can be caused by a blow to the head, a fall, or an accident. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, and a lump on the scalp. If the hematoma is large, it may put pressure on the brain, causing more serious symptoms such as confusion, nausea, vomiting, and seizures. Treatment may involve monitoring the hematoma for changes, draining the blood, or in severe cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a scalp hematoma, especially if you experience any neurological symptoms.
Scalp Hematoma in Baby
Scalp hematoma in a baby is a condition where there is bleeding between the scalp and the skull. It commonly occurs in newborns during delivery when the baby's head is compressed against the mother's pelvic bone. Symptoms may include a raised area on the baby's scalp, swelling, and bruising. In most cases, the hematoma resolves on its own without treatment within a few weeks. However, if the hematoma is large or causing pressure on the baby's brain, medical attention may be necessary. It is important for parents to seek medical advice if they notice any concerning symptoms in their baby.
Scalp Hematoma in Adults
Scalp hematoma is a type of hematoma that occurs on the outside of the skull and often appears as a bump on the head. It is a benign issue in adults and is usually caused by minor head trauma1. However, in infants, it is a significant physical finding that is highly associated with skull fracture, which in turn correlates with intracranial injury, and this is true even in the asymptomatic infant.
Scalp Hematoma Symptoms
Scalp hematoma symptoms may vary depending on the size of the hematoma and the extent of the injury. The most common symptoms of a scalp hematoma include:
- Pain or tenderness on the scalp
- Swelling and/or a raised lump on the scalp
- Bruising or discoloration around the affected area
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of consciousness (in severe cases)
- Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly
- Sensitivity to light or noise
Scalp Hematoma Causes
A scalp hematoma is a result of bleeding between the skull and scalp. It is usually caused by trauma or injury to the head, such as:
Direct impact to the head
This can happen due to falls, sports injuries, assaults, and car accidents.
Birth injuries
Scalp hematomas may occur in newborns during delivery, especially in cases of prolonged or difficult labor.
Medical procedures
Certain medical procedures such as brain surgery, skull fracture repair, or scalp biopsy can also cause scalp hematomas.
Blood-thinning medications
These medications can increase the risk of bleeding after a head injury, resulting in a scalp hematoma.
Bleeding disorders
People with bleeding disorders such as hemophilia are at a higher risk of developing a scalp hematoma after a head injury.
Scalp Hematoma Radiology
CT scans use X-rays to create detailed images of the head and can quickly detect the presence of a hematoma, its size, and location. They are particularly useful in emergency situations when a rapid diagnosis is required.
MRI scans use a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the head, providing more information on the extent of the injury and the severity of the hematoma. They are particularly useful in cases where a more detailed evaluation of the brain tissue is required.
Scalp Hematoma Treatment
The treatment of scalp hematoma depends on the severity of the injury and the size of the hematoma. In most cases, the hematoma resolves on its own within a few weeks without any intervention. However, in severe cases, medical attention may be necessary, and the following treatment options may be considered:
Observation
Small hematomas that do not cause any significant symptoms may be observed over time, with close monitoring for any changes.
Pain management
Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be recommended to manage pain and discomfort.
Ice packs
Applying ice packs to the affected area may help reduce swelling and pain.
Compression
Wearing a head wrap or bandage may help reduce swelling and pain.
Drainage
In cases where the hematoma is large or causing significant symptoms, the healthcare provider may recommend draining the blood using a needle and syringe.
Surgery
In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the hematoma and relieve pressure on the brain.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience a scalp hematoma after a head injury, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions that may increase your risk of bleeding or if you experience any neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures